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Pliny the Younger and the Christians of Anatolia
One of the earliest official records of Christianity in Anatolia comes from Pliny the Younger, who served as the Roman governor of the province...
Persecution of the First Christian Leaders
During the first decades after the death of Jesus, the leaders of the early Christian movement faced severe persecution. St Stephen, the first Christian...
St John of Patmos
Much of what we know about St John of Patmos, also called the Theologian or the Divine, comes from later Christian traditions and apocryphal...
Tower Opposite the Imperial Gate
Another strong piece of evidence concerns the tower that stood opposite the Imperial Gate. Phrantzes describes this tower as being “in the middle of...
Question of the Basilike Pyle
Before ending the study of the Harbour Walls of Constantinople, it is necessary to return to an important question. This question appeared earlier in...
Gate of the Chain on the Galata Side
Although ancient writers do not clearly describe the exact position of the Gate of the Chain on the Galata side of the Golden Horn,...
The Siege and the Fall of the Walls
During the siege of Constantinople in 1453, the Turkish forces attacked the city’s defenses relentlessly. Two towers of the Inner Wall and a large...
The Gate of Charisius
A Site of Many Battles
The Gate of Charisius was a significant location in the history of Constantinople, and many important events took place there....
The Gate of Charisius and the Mesoteichion
The Gate of Charisius is located near a direct road that leads to the Imperial Cemetery, making its name very appropriate. The name may...
Use of Beads in Turkish Culture
Beads for Prayers and Conversation
In Turkish culture, beads are used not only to count prayers but also for conversational purposes. The Mohammedan faith requires...














